Widespread use of apparently synonymous vocabulary in the environmental hazards science is not an unfamiliar issue for specialists in this field. Therefore, the research question is whether the words such as natural disasters, natural emergency, or natural hazards have the same meaning? And do these words really have same meanings? If the answer is negative, what are the implications for the use of synonymous vocabulary? This article attempts to answer these questions by using discourse analysis, and the method of PDAM, as well as selecting ten academic titles and three texts, which have been obtained from texts in the domain of these sciences. The results of this study show that linguistic features such as semantic and linguistic have a significant impact in research and theoretical of sciences such as epistemology, ontology, and epistemology. Extreme issues will be executed as it can be claimed that management of environmental hazards is much more promising rather than focusing on the recognition of the physical phenomenon, and the formulation of managerial and operational frameworks, and the precise explanation of specialized vocabulary.

Flash flood has been increasing in the Khartoum area, Sudan due to geographical conditions and climatic change as heavy rainfall and high temperature, therefore the present work tried to estimate the sensitivity of flash flood. The present work proposes an advanced technique of flood sensitivity mapping using the method of analytical hierarchy process. Ten factors as elevation, slope, distance from the network, land use, density of the drainage, flow accumulation, surface roughness, stream power index, topographic wetness index and curvature of the topography were digitized and then contributed in the mapping of Flash flood. Remote sensing data were integrated with analytical hierarchy process to determine the flood sensitive area in Sudan. The model was applied and completed as the consistency ratio was mostly reasonable (< 0. 1). Based on the proposed model, about 75. 56 Km2 (12. 26 %), 156. 14 Km2 (25. 33%), 169. 89 Km2 (27. 56 %), 141. 40 Km2 (22. 94 %) and 73. 50 Km2 (11. 92 %); were classified as no susceptible, low susceptible, high susceptible, moderate susceptible and very highly susceptible to flooding. The present study showed a high variation in flood sensitivity due to climatic change and geographic condition. This index can be modified and applied in areas of the same characteristics of climatic conditions as one of the main recommendation in the study area. The study showed that poor infrastructure and lack of preparedness were the main causes of the disaster of flood in Sudan. This study merely demonstrated the critical analysis of geospatial mapping in proper mitigating, sustainable development and great monitoring the negative effects of flooding along the Khartoum region to reduce hazards of flood.

Today, a wide range of spatial analysis models are used in environmental risk zoning. Some models, such as hierarchical and fuzzy analyzes, despite the inclusion of uncertainty in the input variables, are unable to explain quantitatively the output uncertainty. In this study, the aim of evaluating the capabilities of the Dempster-Schaeffer algorithm is to explain the uncertainty in the outcomes for landslide hazard zonation in the south of Chalus. Therefore, after field studies and review of similar studies, a map of 10 factors was provided in the GIS environment and was introduced as input data along with a map of the distribution of landslides to the model. Landslide hazard zonation was performed by integrating different weights in the Dempster-Sheffer model and in order to evaluate the output of the model, a logistic regression model was used; the performance of the two models was based on the output results of the models and using two indicators of the density ratio (Dr) And the sum of utility (Qs) was evaluated and verified. The results of Dr showed that both models had good performance in identifying high-risk classes compared to low risk classes. Based on the Qs index, the Dempster-Schafer model with QS = 98/2 was good compared to Logistic regression model with QS = 91/66 has a better relative utility. Therefore, the D-S model is more successful in identifying risk classes (finiteness) and consequently hazard classes (uncertainty) in the region.

Wetland have a great impact on the micro climate and maintain the hydrological and biological balance of each region. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the environmental hazards of the Gomishan wetland based on the TOPSIS multi-criteria decision making method. In this study, the focus is on the environmental conditions of Gomishan wetland and all the stressor and factors that cause their ecological balance of the wetland are or investigated. In the first stage, description, system analysis and identification of regional risks based on DPSTR method, in the second stage, selection of three indicators (service of affect, probability of occurrence and sensitivity of the accepting environment) and scoring of risks and in the last step is to rank these based on the TOPSIS method. Results of DPSIR method, 15 risk factors where identified for Gomishan wetland. The result of ranking the risks threatening international wetlands using TOPSIS method. Indicated that the transfer of agricultural effluent to Atrak and Gorgan rood rivers and the transfer, transfer of fish and shrimp ponds effluent, effluent of Gomishan treatment plant and surrounding village and occurrence of droughts according to the amount of Claire in the first to fourth priorities, respectively. Also, based on hazard leveling, in Gomishan wetland 20% of hazards are in the unbearable category 6.6% of his hazards are in the significant category 13.4% of the hazards are in the significant category, 40% of the hazards are in the tolerable category and 20% are hazards in the category were partially located. Based on the results of this study, it is suggested that the managers of a single. Management in this wetland to meet the needs of local communities without the legal negative effect on physical, chemical and hydrological conditionals of the wetland in addition to meeting the water needs of the wetland.

This paper resulted from studies on 1:50000 scale topographical, 1:250000 scale geological and 1:250000 scale land use maps and meteorological and hydrometrics station data for road safety proposes considering environmental hazards parameters. We overlay table and map data layers considering spatial distribution, time and severity of hazards effect and then after field surveys, based on evidences and all of our data many maps of geological sensitivity, climatic, hydrologic and geomorphologic hazards produced. Finally by collating three above-mentioned maps, final map of environmental hazards of Sanandaj- Marivan road was produced. We conclude that about 65 percent of the road is passing over very high risk areas, 25 percent over high and 10 percent over mid risk areas.

ABSTRACT The attention of contemporary planners to environmental factors and increasing awareness and communication of man with his surrounding environment has increased the layers and defining factors of design and planning concepts. In such a way, a common problem with the issue of environmental capabilities to respond was put in front of the planners. The collection of ideas presented in this era was in the form of responsive planning, focusing on the maximum use of environmental capabilities. The necessity of the emergence of a comprehensive discourse to overcome the plurality of factors, definitions and design methods in the environmental fields has been given less attention. Based on this, the current research aims to organize the leading theories in this field in a targeted manner and seeks to improve them based on their synergy. The structural question of this research is the meanings, examples and meaningful contexts of flexibility in various aspects and scales of urban planning. The research method used is qualitative thematic analysis with the help of artificial intelligence in MAXQDA software in a 6-step processing process. The important application of this research is to structure the minds of the planners of this field to reduce the scattered and interdisciplinary problems of the resources. The results of this research revealed dimensions such as identification and recognizability, diversity and changeability, adaptability and expandability, distribution, separation and continuity, organization and compatibility in the field of flexibility and related to the corresponding parts in urban planning   Extended Abstract Introduction Responsiveness-based design and planning emphasizing the maximum use of environmental capacities to meet users' needs implicitly cause a targeted improvement of environmental quality. As the environmental awareness of contemporary man has expanded and the platforms have become more diverse, many challenges are raised in the field of environment-oriented in the field of infrastructure quality and service provision. Urban developments and new developments in cities should be interpreted with integrated conceptualization. The conceptualization of interpretive flexibility in the planning and designing of public spaces in the city is used as an interdisciplinary perspective in urban space design to open and discuss its connection and potential as an approach to strengthening social cohesion and inclusion. The general definition of flexibility is that it can create places with new forms of meaning and be used for different groups to strengthen its coherence and multidisciplinary inclusion in terms of design and planning of space and body. On this basis, the concept of flexibility is proposed as a principle in the context of design and planning due to its wide range of effects on background phenomena. The history of such a role can be seen in the diversity of users' needs. In such a way, it is impossible to express the specific time and area of the need to pay attention to this concept. This is in line with Oldenburg's theory of "social public spaces," in which being in public space, communicating with people and the environment through observing the streets, sidewalks, squares, and parks of the city is a necessary step for people as a part of their social life. The meaningfulness of the design of the artificial environment was considered. In any case, in the contemporary era, on the one hand, at the same time as the quantitative and qualitative increase of human environmental awareness, there is no longer any phenomenon in the eyes of contemporary man arising from a unique aspect and range of factors. On the other hand, his life needs in the individual and collective dimensions have seen a high diversity, which has led to the formation of multiple semantic domains of past flexibility. The meaning of flexibility in such an interdisciplinary platform and basic design refers to the concept of understanding and responding quickly and efficiently to environmental changes. Such a holistic definition for this broad field of environmental design means the implicit acceptance of the role of scale in the meaningful domain of these concepts. On a macro scale, it means making design options to increase the presence, participation, and power of choices of users of the environment in participatory urban planning and design methods, and on a small scale, it means making design options to increase spatial quality and, as a result, the quality of activities. The daily activities of environmental users are through selection against the "dominant space." Flexibility at different scales is crucial for dimensional optimization, shaping, and structuring spatial features, leading to improved performance of space components and spaces. The development of the concept of "flexibility" from various studies in metropolitan to micro scales, such as interior architecture, allows it to pass the discourse of responsiveness to provide a broad approach to environmental design in which different values, interests, and priorities are prioritized. As a result, the issue of flexibility in environmental design has been raised as a multi-dimensional field in the design and planning of the basic environment. The breadth and complexity of this concept have made the researchers of this field deal with it in one or more ways, and it has been avoided to provide a comprehensive framework about the nature and structuring processes. The current research presents a structured view of flexibility in architecture and urban planning with an environmental approach.   Methodology The methodology to achieve this goal is to use the macro research method and achieve a comprehensive framework by combining categorized interpretations. In such a way that by sorting and categorizing these concepts and bases in a new way, he has found a new level of theoretical findings, which will be a suitable answer for the gaps in scientific knowledge and scientific methods created in this field. In this context, the research method "thematic analysis" has been used with a qualitative approach and the use of library resources. Also, to overcome the breadth and complexity of these concepts and the multi-layer networking of concepts in this research method, artificial intelligence has been used in MAXQDA research assistance software.   Results and discussion In the meantime, attention should also be paid to the fields of influence and application of the results of this research because designers refer to flexibility as the creator of environmental qualities, including dynamism. Also, since flexibility, along with the principles of readability and adaptability, affect the lifestyle and behavioral patterns of the audience of environmental design in architecture and urban planning, it will also be effective in dealing with the challenge of complexity in environmental design factors. One of the key questions for achieving research goals on this issue is how flexibility in environmental design impacts the relationship between flexibility and scale.   Conclusion The most important finding of this research suggests that first, it requires a focus on the conditions under which the processes of perceiving human abilities and discovering the needs of the human audience can manifest. The theoretical framework arises from a comparative approach between design disciplines. These conditions are independent of the final state of the design product, and strengthening the environmental capacities will lead to a direction and an area that includes environmental flexibility. By responding to new situations, the construction of the space and the body within a space building can be adapted to various configurations. Even though the environment may remain constant, the designed place will continue functioning as a strong living system over time.  It also seems that the nature of issues related to flexibility has complexity. Considering that the quality of flexibility in urban planning and architecture is significant in multilevel and multifaceted scales from micro to macro, it is important to pay attention to the scale of different variables. In order to reduce this problem, the consistency and adjustment of the scale of the variables measured in a specific analysis should be considered in the first step.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific.